ABSTRACT
Background Blood transfusion saves human lives, but also it can be a route for TransfusionTransmissible Infections (TTIs) including Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), and syphilis. Objective This study aimed to explore the risk factors associated with TTIs among blood donors at Regional Centre for Blood Transfusion (RCBT) of Karongi, Rwanda. Methods This was a retrospective cross-sectional study design conducted among 36,708 blood donors from 2015 to 2019. Data were extracted from the system known as eProgesaused and the outcome variable were TTIs including HBV, HCV and HIV (measured using Enzyme Immuno-Assay/Chemiluminescence Immunoassay) and syphilis (determined by Rapid Reagin Plasma). Descriptive statistics was computed to describe the characteristics of the blood donors. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression were performed to assess the risk factors associated with TTIs. P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The study found that the overall prevalence of TTIs was 2.1%, while the prevalences of HBV, HCV, HIV, and syphilis were 1.3%, 0.4%, 0.06%, and 0.34%, respectively. Multivariable analysis showed that the factors associated with HBV, HCV, HIV and syphilis were being male, age more than 25 years, being married, living in urban areas, first time blood donors and blood donors living in Rusizi, Rusizi, Nyamasheke and Karongi districts. Conclusion This study revealed that the most frequent TTI was HBV among blood donors and the main risk groups were males, age group of 26-35 years, married and first time donors. Hence, while developing health policies to reduce the effects of HBV infection on safe blood transfusion, these study findings should be taken into account.
Subject(s)
Blood Transfusion , HIV Infections , Hepatitis B virus , Hepacivirus , Disease Transmission, Infectious , SyphilisABSTRACT
Introduction: unsafe transfusion practices can put millions of people at risk of Transfusion Transmissible Infections (TTIs). In Kenya the current blood transfusion scheme involves screening of blood for HIV, Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and syphilis. Malaria is also a blood-borne disease which is not currently screened for. In Kenya blood donor selection criteria were reviewed in 2009. Regular review of effectiveness of donor selection criteria can help reduce TTIs prevalence amongst donors and thus make the blood supply safer.Methods: a cross sectional study was conducted between November 2011 to January 2012 among 594 blood donors in the Regional Blood Transfusion Center Nakuru and Tenwek Mission Hospital. Socio-demographic characteristics and associated risk factors were collected using a standard blood transfusion service questionnaire. Donors were obtained through systematic sampling. Each donor sample was screened, for HIV-1 and HIV-2, HBV, HCV, syphilis and malaria parasites.Results: the overall prevalence of TTIs was 14.1%, which ranged from 0.7% for malaria to 5.6% for HBsAg. Blood donors who were married (P=0.0057), had non-formal or just primary education (P=0.0262), had multiple sexual partners (P=0.0144) and in informal occupation (P=0.0176) were at higher risk of HIV positivity. History of blood transfusion/blood products (P=0.0055), being married (P=0.0053) were high risk factors associated with positive syphilis. Being male (P=0.0479) was a high risk factor to HBV infection. Conclusion: the prevalence of TTIs indicates a need to review the questionnaire and apply it strictly for donor selection. The 0.7% prevalence of malaria, poses a serious health risk to non-immune recipients of transfusion. Malaria should be included among mandatory TTI tests in Kenya
Subject(s)
Blood Donors , Blood Transfusion , Hepacivirus , Hepatitis B virus , Kenya , Malaria , Risk Factors , Syphilis , Transfusion ReactionABSTRACT
Introduction : En Afrique subsaharienne; les infections transmissibles par la transfusion sanguine comme la syphilis sont tres repandues dans la population generale; avec une prevalence pouvant atteindre 25 chez les donneurs de sang. La presente etude avait pour objectif de determiner la seroprevalence de la syphilis chez les donneurs benevoles de sang a Kisangani. Methodes : Etude transversale realisee au Centre Provincial de Transfusion Sanguine de Kisangani du 1er janvier 2010 au 31 decembre 2011 portant sur 2915 donneurs benevoles de sang. Resultats : La seroprevalence de la syphilis etait de 1;4 Il s'agissait de 2302 sujets de sexe masculin (79;0) et de 613 sujets de sexe feminin (21;0). Cette seroprevalence etait plus elevee chez les sujets les plus jeunes; les celibataires; les nouveaux donneurs; les donneurs de sexe masculin; les sans-emploi et les donneurs habitant majoritairement la commune Kabondo. Conclusion : Il apparait que la seroprevalence de la syphilis chez les donneurs benevoles de sang etait relativement faible a Kisangani; soit 1;4. Certaines caracteristiques de donneurs (les plus jeunes; les hommes; les nouveaux donneurs et les habitants de Kabondo) etaient significativement liees a une prevalence plus elevee de la syphilis et meritent par consequent une attention particuliere au cours des campagnes de collecte de sang ou pendant le depistage en site fixe dans les institutions hospitalieres de Kisangani
Subject(s)
SyphilisABSTRACT
Introduction : Minee d'issues defavorables pour la grossesse et maitrisee depuis l'avenement de la penicilline; la syphilis au cours de la grossesse est redevenue inquietante de nos jours. Elle est de 3;3 en dans la ville de Kisangani. Avec la rehabilitation des differents axes routiers et le flux migratoire y relatif et craignant la hausse de cette prevalence a Kisangani. Materiel et Methode : Nous avons mene cette etude retrospective analytique visant a determiner la prevalence et les facteurs de risque de la syphilis au cours de la grossesse; Identifier les complications au cours de la grossesse ainsi que les differentes issues de la grossesse y relatif et determiner l'impact du traitement antisyphilitique sur l'issue de la grossesse. Pour determiner les risques ainsi que les pronostiques; nous avons compare les gestantes a serologie syphilitique positive (n=89) avec celles a serologie negative (n=178).Resultats : La prevalence de syphilis au cours de la grossesse est de 10;9 (IC a 95= 8;9-13;3). Un antecedent d'IST (p=0;0003); un antecedent de VIH/SIDA (p=0;0045); le celibat (p=0;0402) et avoir un partenaire commercant (p=0;04794) ont ete les facteurs de risque associes a la serologie positive. L'issue defavorable (p=0;0002) caracterise la serologie positive avec les avortements (p=0;0038) et la MIU (p=0;0181).Conclusion : nous dirons que la syphilis au cours de la grossesse demeure un serieux probleme aux CUKIS et qu'elle a des implications reelles sur le deroulement ainsi que l'issue de la grossesse mais que ces implications restent evitables si la prise en charge est precoce
Subject(s)
Democratic Republic of the Congo , Fetal Mortality , Pregnant Women , SyphilisABSTRACT
Data on the prevalence of HIV and syphilis was collected from 24 ante-natal care clinic (ANC) sentinel sites in all 10 states of South Sudan during the three months September to December 2009. The overall sample size was 6175 pregnant women; however; only 5913 samples were tested for HIV of which 176 (3) were positive. Interestingly; the age groups 15-24 years accounted for almost half (49.5) of the overall sample size of this ANC 2009 Survey distributed between the age group 15-19 years with 18.6of the overall sample and the age group 20-24 years accounting for 30.9of the total sample size. The prevalence of HIV was 2.3(n=25) in the 15-19 year age group and 3.3(n=59) in the 20-24 year age group. The prevalence of syphilis was 7.6(n=74) in the) in the 15-19 year age group and 9.6(n=183) in the 20-24 year age group. The HIV prevalence among the young women aged 15-24 years was 2.9compared to the overall HIV prevalence among all age groups of 3. Similarly the syphilis prevalence among 15-24 year old women was 28.4compared to the overall survey syphilis prevalence of 9.9. In conclusion; the post conflict ANC surveillance showed an HIV prevalence of 3and the experience had shed some light; proved and disregarded a wide range of assumptions with regards to HIV distribution in the country. Despite all challenges; the routine ANC surveillance system; in the context of South Sudan; is very promising in provision of timely relevant information and can be used to monitor the trend over time
Subject(s)
HIV , Pregnant Women , Prevalence , Sentinel Surveillance , SyphilisABSTRACT
Objective. To determine the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT); Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) and syphilis in pregnant women. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among women attending antenatal care clinics (ANCs). Blood samples were tested for syphilis using the rapid plasma reagin (RPR) and treponemal haemaggluti- nation (TPHA) tests; CT and NG were diagnosed using a manual polymerase chain reaction assay on first-void urine samples. A socio-demographic questionnaire was completed. Results were compared with previous published data on sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevalence in Mozambique. Results. Blood and urine samples were collected from 1 119 and 835 women; respectively. The prevalence of CT was 4.1; and that of NG 2.5. The RPR test was positive in 5.2of the women; and 7.1had a positive TPHA test. Active syphiliswas found in 4.7. In univariate analysis; CT was associated with having had any level of education (p0.05); reactive RPR and TPHA were associated with illiteracy (p0.05); and TPHA was associated with age 25. Multivariate analysis did not show any significant association. In comparisonwith published data from 1993; a decline was observed for CT (p0.05); NG and syphilis (p0.001). Conclusions. Compared with available data; a decline of STI prevalence was observed in our setting. This might be the result of community-based education programmes focusing on changes to sexual behaviour; as well as the widespread use of the syndromic approach to managing STIs and the expansion of syphilis screening in primary health care settings. However; STI rates are still high; and the problem needs more concrete and sustained efforts for its control
Subject(s)
Chlamydia trachomatis , Cross-Sectional Studies , Neisseria gonorrhoeae , Pregnant Women , Risk Factors , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/epidemiology , SyphilisABSTRACT
Background:World Health Organization in 2003 launched Sexually Transmitted Diseases Diagnostics Initiative (SDI) with mission to promote the development; evaluation and application of sexually transmitted infection diagnostic tests including syphilis screening appropriate for use in primary health care settings in developing countries.Objective: To evaluate the performance of SD BIOLINE Syphilis 3.0 test (Standard Diagnostics Inc.; South Korea) using routine serum samples from blood donors; antenatal clinic attendees and out patients.Settings: Mwananyamala and Amana District Hospitals; and Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences; Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Dar es Salaam; TanzaniaMethods: A total of 498 serum samples were initially tested on both SD BIOLINE Syphilis 3.0 and rapid plasma reagin (RPR) tests and were then confirmed on Treponema pallidum hemaagglutination (TPHA) test.Results: The overall seroprevalence of syphilis was 5.6(28/498) on TPHA; 8.2(41/498) on SD BIOLINE Syphilis 3.0 and 9.8(49/498) on RPR tests. The SD BIOLINE test had higher sensitivity (79vs. 68) and specificity (96vs. 94) compared to RPR test.Conclusion: The overall sensitivity (79) of SD BIOLINE syphilis 3.0 test found is low whereas specificity (96) found is similar compared to the previous evaluation but higher compared to the sensitivity (68) and specificity (94) of the currently used RPR test. SD BIOLINE syphilis 3.0 test offers better sensitivity; specificity and test efficiency than the currently used RPR test.Recommendation: The SD BIOLINE syphilis 3.0 test offers better sensitivity; specificity; test efficiency and operational characteristics than the currently used RPR test and may be adopted for use in syphilis screening in our settings
Subject(s)
Clinical Laboratory Techniques , Syphilis Serodiagnosis , Syphilis/diagnosis , TanzaniaABSTRACT
Ce travail rapporte le cas d'une association cryptococcose/syphilis dans le cadre d'une co-infection a Cryptococcus neoformans et a Treponema pallidum diagnostiquee chez un homme de 41 ans infecte par le VIH2 avec un taux de CD4 egal a 50/mm3. Le meme patient presentait en plus des antecedents d'ulccerations genitales et une candidose buccale. Malgre l'administration de Fluoconazole et de Penicilline G; le deces est survenu le huitieme jour du traitement
Subject(s)
HIV , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections , Cryptococcosis , HIV Infections , SyphilisABSTRACT
A partir d'une triple confrontation des donnees epidemiologiques; cliniques et biologiques; les auteurs ont apprecie les limites d'une interpretation de la serologie treponemique chez 326 sujets testes par le VDRL (test non specifique) et le TPHA (test specifique). 21/326 patients (6;4 pour cent) ont une serologie treponemique positive dont 5 cas de fausses reactions positives. Les 16 cas de treponematoses sont reparties en 15 cas de syphilis venerienne et 1 cas de pian recent. Les auteurs ont egalement tente de classer les cas de syphilis veneriennes en stade evolutif. Par ailleurs; une serologie VIH effectuee chez ces sujets a permis d'apprecier l'influence de l'infection par le VIH sur le profil serologique classique des treponematoses
Subject(s)
Blood , Syphilis , YawsABSTRACT
Une etude retrospective; sur dossiers de patients vus en cinq ans de consultation dans le service de dermato-venereologie du CHU-Tokoin; a ete menee afin de determiner le profil epidemiologique des MST. 587 patients sur 6.600 consultants pendant cette periode (soit 8;98 pour cent) avaient une MST. Les condylomes viennent en tete (43;9 pour cent); suivis du chancre mou (17 pour cent); de la gonococcie (10;9 pour cent); de la syphilis (8;7 pour cent); de l'herpes genital (6;1 pour cent). Le sexe-ratio est de 6;23 pour cent. 89 pour cent de nos patients ont moins de 34 ans. Les eleves et les etudiants; et les couches defavorisees (ouvriers et sans emploi) sont les plus atteints (67;50 pour cent). Les MST sont plus frequentes aux mois de septembre et janvier
Subject(s)
Chancroid , Condylomata Acuminata , Gonorrhea , Herpes Genitalis , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/epidemiology , SyphilisABSTRACT
"Selon les enquetes serologiques recemment effectuees; la syphilis venerienne est tres inegalement frequente parmi les femmes adultes africaines. Sur le versant oriental du continent; les prevalences sont faibles a moderees dans les sites etudies au Nord-Est; sensiblement superieures de l'Ouganda a l'Afrique du Sud; de meme; sur l'autre versant; l'Afrique Centre-Ouest est bien davantage touchee que l'Afrique Occidentale. Partout les prostituees (ou assimilees) sont contaminees a un haut niveau. A l'inverse de l'hypothese enoncee dans la theorie des ""groupes-noyaux""; la collectivite generale apparait davantage investie par l'infection lorsque ces dernieres ont peu de partenaires"
Subject(s)
Sex Work , Syphilis/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Candida carriage and syphilis antibodies were investigated in rural; urban and high risk populations in the Mara Region. Over 10 percent of subjects were oral Candida albicans carriers; 6 percent of subjects were confirmed as positive for syphilis antibodies. In the largely rural subjects where correlation is possible so far; there is no association between candida carriage or syphilis antibodies and HIV-1 infection
Subject(s)
Candidiasis , HIV Infections , Syphilis/epidemiologyABSTRACT
The major goals of this study were to measure the current prevalence and estimate the annual incidence of HIV-1 infection in young pregnant women from urban Malawi; to identify factors that were associated with HIV-1 infection; and to examine adverse pregnancy outcomes. Four hundred and sixty-one consecutive pregnant women were studied when they presented for prenatal care. The overall seroprevalence for HIV-1 infection in these urban populations was 17.6 percent (81 out of 461) during early 1989. Based on previous seroprevalence in similar unselected pregnant women; the estimated annual incidence of HIV-1 seroconversion in urban pregnant women ranged from 3 to 4 percent per annum between 1985 and 1987 and from 7 to 13 percent between 1987 and 1989. HIV-1 infection was significantly associated with reactive syphilis serology. Reported history of sexually transmitted disease was also correlated with HIV-1 infection but was not statistically significant. Other variables; such as history of transfusion; history of tuberculosis; parity or occupation were not associated with HIV-1 infection. History of spontaneous abortion was significantly associated with reactive syphilis serology; HIV-1 infection and history of sexually transmitted disease. In logistic regression analysis; HIV-1 infection remained the only significant variable that was correlated with spontaneous abortion. This study suggests that HIV-1 infection may play a role in fetal wastage